PCOS / PCOD / Cyst / Fibroid
A hormonal condition where the ovaries produce immature eggs that develop into cysts, affecting nearly 1 in 5 Indian women.
Overview
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a medical condition in which a woman's ovaries generate immature or partially mature eggs in large numbers during reproductive age. These eggs develop into cysts over time. Because of the cysts, the ovaries become large and secrete large amounts of male hormones (androgen), which cause infertility problems, irregular periods, unwanted weight gain and other health issues.
It is estimated that nearly 20% of all Indian women — about 1 in 5 — live with PCOD. The symptoms often leave a lasting impact on physical and mental well-being: around 34% of women with PCOD also experience depression and nearly 45% experience anxiety, which makes early diagnosis and management essential.
PCOD and PCOS are often used interchangeably, but they differ. In PCOD the ovaries produce immature eggs that transform into cysts; fertility is usually preserved and symptoms are milder. PCOS is a more severe metabolic disorder with higher androgen levels, greater impact on fertility, and links to type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and endometrial cancer.
Common symptoms
- Irregular, delayed or missed periods
- Unwanted weight gain and difficulty losing weight
- Excess facial or body hair, acne and hair thinning
- Difficulty conceiving
- Mood swings, low self-confidence and negative self-image
- Disrupted eating and sleep patterns, low motivation
Prevention & self-care
- Chart your cycle so patterns can be reviewed month by month
- Prioritise strength and cardio training for insulin sensitivity
- Balance meals with protein and fibre; limit refined carbohydrates
- Screen for thyroid, insulin and lipid markers regularly
When to see a doctor
Book a consultation for cycles longer than 35 days, absent periods, sudden severe pelvic pain, or difficulty conceiving after a year.
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